Inflammation of the urinary tract is a common problem not only among women;Half of humanity also suffers from this disease, but less often due to physiological characteristics.The main symptoms of cystitis in men: increased frequency of urination and its pain, discomfort and pain in the suprapubic region, impurities in the urine.Therapy involves the use of antimicrobial drugs and various procedures.
What is cystitis
A bacterial infection leads to inflammation of the bladder.It occurs when pathogens enter the target organ through the urethra.The disease is classified as a lower urinary tract infection.The male urethra is longer than the female urethra, so cystitis is less common in the stronger half of humanity than in women.
Reasons
Following simple rules of personal hygiene will allow a young man to avoid cystitis with an almost 100% probability.In older age, the risk of disease increases.Cystitis is often caused by other disorders, such as urethral stricture, urolithiasis, and chronic sexually transmitted infections.Weakening immunity is also a trigger, and this is often caused by the use of cytostatics and hormonal drugs.
The cause of cystitis in women is an infection ascending from the urethra, vagina, anus, while in men it spreads from the urethra, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicles.The presence of urological problems that lead to narrowing of the urethra and stagnation of urine can cause the disease.Blockage of the urethra by any foreign body, stones, diverticula (protrusion of the organ wall), prostatic adenoma can lead to cystitis.
Since it is difficult for the infection to penetrate the bladder of a man, cystitis can occur against the background of other diseases, such as vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, prostatitis and epididymitis.Urogenital infection occurs when infected with ureaplasma, treponema pallidum (syphilis), gonococcus, mycoplasma, staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, enterococci, trichomonas, chlamydia, proteus, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, fungi (candidiasis), Klebsiella, Listeriaor coliform bacteria.
The infection can also be descending if caused by renal tuberculosis or pyelonephritis.Favorable conditions for the development of cystitis can be the presence of bad habits, stress, poor nutrition and excessive physical activity.Sinusitis, flu, chronic tonsillitis, although they primarily affect the respiratory system, can spread through the bloodstream to other organs and introduce bacteria into the bladder.This leads to the fact that cystitis often occurs as a complication of infectious diseases.
The infection can be introduced by doctors in the hospital during catheterization or cystoscopy.Other factors contributing to the disease include diabetes mellitus, hypothermia, stress, lack of sleep, abdominal surgery, prostate resection, transurethral surgery, and malignant tumors of the urethra and prostate.
The first signs of cystitis in men
If an inflammatory process is suspected, treatment should not be delayed.Cystitis in men is diagnosed and antibiotics are prescribed.The first signs of the disease can be detected independently if:
- frequent urination
- lower abdominal pain;
- burning during urination;
- blood, mucus and pus in the urine;
- general weakness, temperature above normal (37°C).
Symptoms
Male cystitis is determined by pronounced symptoms.The development of the disease in acute form is indicated by increased frequency of urination, difficulty and painful sensations in the lower abdomen and cloudy urine.If these phenomena occur it is necessary to consult a urologist as soon as possible.The frequent need to urinate is one of the main symptoms of cystitis, while during a trip to the toilet a very small amount of liquid can leak out and incontinence often occurs.
With cystitis, a man may have to make an effort to start urinating.Painful, burning or tingling sensations also occur, particularly strong at the beginning and in the final phase of urination.The pain varies in strength and intensity and may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the penis, perineum and pubic area.Symptoms of cystitis in men are accompanied by high body temperature, headache, fatigue, weakness, increased sweating, chills and decreased appetite.
In the hemorrhagic and gangrenous form of cystitis, urine becomes cloudy.There may be blood and mucus, and a sharp, unpleasant smell of rot appears.The volume of urine is reduced to 400 ml per day.Symptoms of cystitis in men are mild if the chronic form is observed.There is almost no pain, the frequency of urination increases slightly, and only mucus is present in the urine.This form of the disease has periods of exacerbation and remission.
Chronic cystitis
This form is characterized by few symptoms and often has a continuously stable or undulating course.So the complications of cystitis in men in chronic form are as follows:
- leukocyturia persists (increased number of leukocytes in the urine);
- pyuria (presence of pus in the urine);
- proteinuria (higher-than-normal excretion of protein in the urine);
- macroscopic or microscopic hematuria (presence of blood in the urine);
- the presence of mucus in the urine.
Spicy
This form of cystitis has extensive symptoms.The main manifestations that indicate the acute phase are the following:
- frequent urination, including nocturia (predominance of nocturnal diuresis);
- imperative impulses;
- stranguria (pain, difficulty urinating);
- cloudy urine;
- terminal hematuria;
- fever, chills, decreased work capacity;
- pain, tingling and burning when urinating,
- pain in the suprapubic region, penis, groin, scrotum;
- decrease in urine volume (up to 10-20 ml);
- development of incontinence;
- leukocyturia, hematuria, pyuria.
- intoxication (with hemorrhagic, gangrenous or phlegmatic form);
- cloudy color of urine, putrid odor of secretions, presence of cut impurities and mucus.
Treatment
To prevent inflammation of the bladder, prevention of cystitis in men is important.If, however, it was not possible to protect yourself and the first signs of the disease appear, you need to visit a specialist as soon as possible.Therapy is prescribed only after the urologist has collected a complete medical history and conducted tests.Acute cystitis, accompanied by severe pain and persistent urinary retention, will require hospital treatment and a detailed study of the processes occurring in the body to determine the type of pathogenic microorganism.As general therapies the following are recommended:
- Bed rest during the acute period of the disease, use of antipyretics, consumption of large amounts of fluid (up to 2.5 liters per day), adherence to a diet in the absence of acidic, spicy and salty foods in the diet.
- Antibiotics.After the pathogen has been identified, antimicrobial agents are prescribed.The most common are fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans and cephalosporins.The drugs are taken for a week.
- Phytotherapy.Diuretic and anti-inflammatory herbal remedies are effective against cystitis.For this disease, herbal teas (bearberry, horsetail, cranberry leaf) will be useful.Such drugs have a supporting effect and help relieve inflammation.You should be aware of the possibility of an allergic reaction to herbs.Cranberry juice or fruit drink will be useful;effective are tablets containing cranberry extract.Such drugs reduce the concentration of the antibiotic, so they can be used after the end of the treatment course.
- Antispasmodic drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will help relieve pain.
- Some sexually transmitted infections can lead to cystitis in men.The treatment regimen is prescribed by a specialist.
- Immunomodulators and probiotics.Such remedies help the body recover after a course of antibiotics.They are not directly involved in the treatment of the disease.Immunomodulators help the body fight pathogens, and probiotics restore the intestinal microflora.
- The course of treatment depends on concomitant diseases, such as pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, adenomectomy, prostatitis.Therapy for these diseases is necessary to cure cystitis.
- Bladder lavage.In some cases, this procedure is recommended using antiseptics;the use of novocaine blocks is effective.
- Physiotherapy.At the end of the acute period of the disease, in order to accelerate the body's recovery and resorption, ultrasound, UHF, mud therapy, magnetic laser therapy and electrophoresis procedures are used.